What is the difference between coaxial cables and twisted pair cables - differences in transmission characteristics
The transmission characteristics of coaxial and twisted pair cables are specified by national standards and cannot be changed. If the side frequency of the video signal is 6M, for a transmission distance of 2000 meters, the SYWV-75-5 cable attenuates to 40dB, which is a voltage attenuation of 100 times. The 6M video signal of 1Vp-p attenuates to 10mV, or 80dB microvolts. Video recovery at this level can ensure high signal-to-noise ratio. Engineers with experience in designing cable television systems are very aware of this; For non shielded twisted pair cable, 6M attenuation of 2km is 92db, nearly 40000 times, 52db (nearly 400 times) larger than 75-5 coaxial cable;

What is the difference between coaxial cables and twisted pair cables - differences in working principles
Coaxial cables restrict all electromagnetic fields that transmit signals within the shielding layer and do not radiate outward. According to the principle of reversible transmission and reception, external electromagnetic fields cannot pass through the shielding layer and enter the interior.
Coaxial cables are divided into four layers from the inside out: central copper wire, plastic insulator, mesh conductive layer, and wire sheath. The circuit formed by current conduction and the central copper wire and mesh conductive layer. It is named after the coaxial relationship between the central copper wire and the mesh conductive layer.
Coaxial cables conduct alternating current instead of direct current, which means that there are several reversals in the direction of the current every second.
If a regular wire is used to transmit high-frequency current, this type of wire will act as an antenna emitting radio outwards, which loses the power of the signal and reduces the strength of the received signal.
The design of coaxial cables is precisely to solve this problem. The radio emitted by the central wire is isolated by a mesh conductive layer, which can control the emitted radio through grounding.
There is also a problem with coaxial cables, which is that if a certain section of the cable undergoes significant compression or distortion, the distance between the central wire and the mesh conductive layer is not consistent, which can cause internal radio waves to be reflected back to the signal sending source. This effect reduces the acceptable signal power. To overcome this problem, a layer of plastic insulation is added between the central wire and the mesh conductive layer to ensure a consistent distance between them. This also creates the characteristic of this type of cable being relatively rigid and not easily bent.
The principle of coaxial interference is another matter. Twisted pair cables are different, and their signal transmission electromagnetic fields are theoretically distributed in infinite space. According to the principle of reversible transmission and reception, external spatial electromagnetic fields can also directly enter the twisted pair. Twisted pair cables cannot prevent external electromagnetic fields from entering, but a spiral twisting method is used to make the signals received by the two lines "as identical as possible", and balanced differential signal processing technology is used to suppress this completely identical "common mode signal". The key here is the "balance" characteristic of twisted pair cables. Once there is a difference in "balance", interference will take advantage of the situation and external objects will also affect the balance. In engineering, "balance" is relative, not * * *, and the "common mode suppression" performance of a circuit has a certain range. These two practical problems determine the anti-interference ability of twisted pair, which is limited. The integrated network wiring rules stipulate that shielded twisted pair must be used in case of strong interference, which is the reason.

What is the difference between coaxial cable and twisted pair cable - the difference in function
Twisted pair is a universal wiring made by winding two insulated wires together according to certain specifications (usually clockwise). It belongs to the transmission medium of information communication networks and can reduce the degree of signal interference. The radio waves emitted by one wire during transmission will be offset by the radio waves emitted by the other wire. Twisted pair cables were mainly used to transmit analog signals in the past, but now they are also suitable for the transmission of digital signals.
Coaxial cables can be divided into baseband coaxial cables and broadband coaxial cables (i.e. network coaxial cables and video coaxial cables) in terms of purpose. Coaxial cables are divided into two categories: 50 Ω baseband cables and 75 Ω broadband cables. Baseband cables are divided into thin coaxial cables and thick coaxial cables. The baseband cable is only used for digital transmission, with a data rate of up to 10Mbps. Coaxial cable refers to a cable with two concentric conductors, and the conductor and shielding layer share the same axis A common coaxial cable consists of copper wire conductors separated by insulating materials.